(Scots false asphodel)
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Photo of Tofieldia pusilla by Adolph Murie
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Tofieldia pusilla is a small herb in the lily family (Liliaceae) that grows in moist to wet areas from bogs in boreal areas to alpine seeps and meadows. This relatively common species has a slender, leafless greenish stem and a dense terminal cluster of white flowers. Plants grow 2-20 cm from a short
rhizome, found in boggy places. The leaves are basal, 3-nerved, stiff and sword-shaped, arranged like a fan through which the stem rises. There are no stem leaves or
bracts at the top of the stem (as in this species close relative
Tofieldia coccinea). Stems are topped by usually one, sometimes two, clusters of small flowers, which at first are tightly-packed, and later become less aggregated. The small flowers are usually greenish white or yellowish in color (never red or purple). Flowers have six
tepals, six
stamens and a 3-styled
pistil. The fruit is a dry, spherical
capsule, containing 15 to 30 seeds. It is less stout (with narrower leaves) than its close relative
Tofieldia coccinea, and lacks a stem leaf.
Tofieldia pusilla flowers in June and July, depending on the site conditions.
T. pusilla is
monoecious with bisexual flowers. Flowers are possibly insect-pollinated, but this species' reproductive biology has not been studied. Seeds are dispersed by gravity and wind.
Tofieldia pusilla is a widespread circumpolar plant. This species occurs across the boreal and arctic regions of North America, including Greenland and in all Canadian provinces, as well as localities in several of the northern-tier U.S. states including Michigan, Minnesota, and Montana. This species is widespread and common across Alaska and in Denali, occurring in suitable habitats across the park, including on both sides of the Alaska Range.
Details are shown in the Plots & Charts found at right, depicting recent Denali data.
Tofieldia pusilla has a wide elevation range in Denali, growing in lowland boggy areas up to nearly 1400 m elevation. It generally occurs in flat, moist sites on low slope angles but has occasionally been found in steep sites as well.
Details are shown in the Plots & Charts found at right. For more on how to interpret these figures, visit Understanding Data Presented.
This species is considered a
calciphile, although it occurs in acidic, boggy places in Denali with some frequency.
Moist to wet sites.